To secure your IoT devices, you must change all default usernames and passwords immediately, place them on a separate Wi-Fi network, consistently keep their firmware updated, and disable any features you don’t use, such as remote access or UPnP. This layered approach significantly reduces the risk of your smart home devices being compromised.
What is IoT and Why is it a Risk?
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the vast network of physical devices that connect to the internet, from smart speakers and TVs to security cameras, thermostats, and even smart refrigerators. While convenient, these devices are often designed with features first and security second, making them a popular target for hackers. A compromised IoT device could be used to spy on you, steal your data, or act as a gateway to attack other, more important devices on your network like your computer.
1. Change Default Passwords Immediately
This is the single most important rule of IoT security. Manufacturers ship devices with simple, default passwords (like “admin” or “1234”) that are publicly known. Hackers use automated programs to constantly scan the internet for devices still using these default credentials. Changing the password is your first and strongest line of defense.
2. Create a Separate Wi-Fi Network
Isolate your IoT devices from your primary computers and smartphones. Most modern routers allow you to create a “guest network.” By connecting all your smart devices to this separate network, you ensure that even if one of them is hacked, the attacker cannot easily access your sensitive personal data on your laptop or phone.
3. Keep Firmware and Software Updated
Just like your phone or computer, IoT devices run on software (called firmware). Reputable manufacturers release updates to patch security holes. Check your device’s app or settings to ensure that automatic updates are enabled. An unpatched device is a vulnerable device.
4. Disable Unnecessary Features
Many IoT devices come with features you may never use, such as remote access from the internet or Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), which allows devices to automatically open ports on your router. These features can create security holes if not configured correctly. If you don’t need a feature, turn it off.
5. Be Mindful of Device Permissions
When you set up a smart device, its companion mobile app will often ask for permissions to access things like your contacts, microphone, or location. Be critical of these requests. Does your smart lightbulb really need access to your contacts? Deny any permissions that don’t seem essential for the device’s core function.
6. Research Before You Buy
Not all IoT devices are created equal. Before purchasing a new smart gadget, do a quick search on the manufacturer’s security reputation. Choose brands that have a good track record of providing regular security updates and being transparent about their privacy policies.
7. Secure Your Wi-Fi Router
The security of your IoT devices depends on the security of your router. Ensure your router is protected with a strong password, uses WPA3 encryption, and has its firmware updated. (This ties back to our previous article on Wi-Fi security).
8. Review and Remove Old Devices
If you have an old smart camera or plug that you no longer use, unplug it and remove it from your network and associated accounts. An unmonitored and unpatched old device is a forgotten backdoor into your home network.